Refined carbohydrates are known to increase blood glucose levels, increase requirements for medications and result in weight gain. It is disturbing that dietary guidelines prioritize the consumption of starchy carbohydrates for type 2 diabetics, to nearly 55% of their daily macronutrient consumption.
Older data was confounded by the inclusion of Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This misrepresented the health benefits of Ω–6. Other studies, such as the Anti-Coronary Club trial confirm that Ω–6 PUFA increases death and coronary heart disease compared to animal fat.
A calorie is a calorie only if it is incinerated in a bomb calorimeter, and the heat given off measured. Biologically derived calories from different foods have entirely different metabolic effects on the human body. Equal calorie portions of sugar, alcohol, meat or olive oil have widely differing effects on hormonal systems such as insulin, and satiety signals such as cholecystokinin or peptide YY. It is irrelevant how many calories a portion of food on a plate contains.
Eat less doesn’t work. The current caloric reduction strategies promoted for weight loss are ineffective. Using the standard calorie reduction approach produces a probability of attaining a normal weight at 1 in 167, generating a greater 99% failure rate.
It is wrongly assumed that excessive caloric intake is the root cause of obesity. A calorie of food energy has different metabolic fates depending upon the hormonal stimulation. That same calorie may be used to generate body heat or stored as body fat.
Obesity is a disease of failed energy partitioning, not one of the total energy intake. The primary driver of this partitioning is the hormone insulin. Insulin is specifically a fat storage growth hormone.
Processed seed oil is associated with T2DM. Cohort studies confirm that plasma saturated fatty acids from dairy sources such as cheese and yoghurt is inversely related to the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Real food saturated fat is not subsidized…Industrial seed oils are subsidized. “Saturated fat intake was not associated with all -cause mortality, CVD mortality, total CHD, ischemic stroke, or type 2 diabetes.
The food industry has a fiduciary responsibility to produce profit for its shareholders.
Unfortunately, the food industry downstream cost to public health is bankrupting most westernized societies.
Unfortunately, academics, institutions, and journals whose primary responsibility is to patients and scientific integrity have at times colluded with industry for financial gain.
It is incredulous to suggest that consuming 22 teaspoons of sugar daily falls within recommended guidelines. This is despite the known science that for optimum health there is no dietary or biological requirement for sugar to be consumed in the human diet.
Consumption of fat induces satiation and when compared to the other macronutrients such as protein and carbohydrates, and comparatively fat has the least impact on blood glucose and insulin production. Excessive insulin production and subsequent insulin resistance is the precursor to type 2 diabetes.
A meta-analysis of the evidence available prior to the 1977 US change in dietary guidelines did not support the dietary fat restrictions. Despite the lack of scientific consensus, these guidelines advised limiting total fat to 30% of calorie intake and saturated fat to 10% of calorie intake, creating the low fat craze and a national experiment on diet-induced metabolic dysfunction.
Evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials reveals that a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet is superior to a low-fat diet for weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk reduction. A meta-analysis of 53 randomized controlled trials involving 68,128 participants conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health concluded
“when compared with dietary interventions of similar intensity, evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support low-fat diets over other dietary interventions for long term weight loss. In weight loss trials, higher-fat weight-loss interventions led to significantly greater weight loss than low-fat interventions.”